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Mental Capacity Act (MCA) & Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards (DoLs)

This section provides guidance and resources relating to Mental Capacity Act (MCA), assessments and Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards (DoLs).

Please note that this page and associated links are currently under review (Jan 2025)

Mental Capacity

Mental capacity underpins the safeguarding approach. This is because the individual’s opinions must be taken into consideration in any safeguarding interventions where this is possible.

The Mental Capacity Act 2005 states that:

  • A person must be assumed to have capacity unless there is evidence that he or she lacks capacity
  • A person is not to be treated as unable to make a decision simply because he or she makes an unwise decision.
  • A person is not to be treated as unable to make a decision unless all steps to help him or her to do so have been taken without success.
  • An act done or decision made under this act for a person who lacks capacity must be done in his or her best interests
  • Before anything is done- or before a decision is made - for someone who might lack capacity, thought must be given to whether the action is needed or whether the desired outcome could be achieved in a less restrictive way.
  • The term ‘best interests’ (what is best for the person) must also consider what the person would have done if they had capacity. This means that the person making the decision must try to make the decision the person themselves would have made. This must include knowledge of the person's past and present wishes as far as is possible.

A range of resources and information has been developed across pan-Lancashire with regard to MCA which can be found below. 

Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards

Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards (DoLs) are rooted in the Mental Capacity Act 2005. DoLs are intended to ensure that people who lack mental capacity are protected in law from being deprived of their liberty illegally. The types of settings where this could occur include residential care and nursing homes and hospitals.

The care / nursing home / hospital known as the Managing Authority completes an application and submits it in each case to the local authority for consideration. Following a specialist assessment, a legal deprivation can then be authorised with explicit conditions for the care provider about the how that care should be delivered.

Restrictive Practice Guidance

Executive Dysfunction

MCA Assessment Practice Toolkits

MCA Assessment Practice Guidance Toolkit:

MCA Learning and Development

MCA Legal Frameworks for Young People

This guidance should be considered as part of legal advice from your own organisation.

MCA Legal Caselaw, Updates and Resources

This guidance may have been updated, and should be considered as part of legal advice from your own organisation

Legal Updates 

39 Essex Chambers has developed resources for those seeking to apply and understand the Mental Capacity Act 2005, as well as to understand mental capacity within the law more generally. This includes case law databases, summaries, mental capacity reports and guidance notes in assessing capacity and applying best interests:

Shedinars This website provides helpful links to ‘shedinars’ which are divided into introductions to mental capacity law, and conversations with key experts on the topic. Each shedinar is 20 minutes long.

Mental Capacity Law and Policy helpful website created by Alex Ruck Keene, a practising barrister, writer, and educator specialising in mental capacity law.

Liberty Protection Safeguards in Mental health and Capacity law - Resources and training opportunities

Other Useful Resources

Skills for Care supporting the adult social care sector

Research in Practice offers easy access to MCA learning resources to bring together research evidence and practice expertise from people’s lived experiences.

Social Care Institute for Excellence (SCIE) a useful website which provides Information, guidance, and accredited training for care and health staff to support, protect and empower people who may lack capacity.

NICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence) - Decision-making and mental capacity [NG 108] October 2018; Decision making and mental capacity [QS 194] Quality standard August 2020, supplements NG 108. A toolkit for doctors working in England and Wales

College of Policing Mental capacity authorised professional practice for Police Officers

MCA Audit Tools

The tools below have been developed by the MCA/DoLS Sub Group to reflect standards of practice within organisations. The aim of the tool is to provide organisations with a consistent framework to assess, monitor and/or improve their arrangements in line with the Mental Capacity Act 2005.

The audit process requires partner agencies to complete all sections of the tool to self-assess and benchmark their own areas and to enable you to:

  • Identify strengths and areas of good practice;
  • Identify areas for improvement within individual organisations; and
  • Prepare action plans to monitor improvements.

Download the tools below:

Index of all pages: